Land area:384,344 sq mi (995,451 sq km);
Total area:386,662 sq mi (1,001,450 sq km)
Population (2008 est.): 83,082,869 (growth rate: 1.6%); birth rate: 21.7/1000; infant mortality rate: 27.2/1000; life expectancy: 72.1; density per sq km: 82
Capital (2003 est.): Cairo, 11,146,000 (metro. area), 7,629,866 (city proper)
Other large cities: Alexandria, 3,891,000; Giza, 2,597,600 (part of Cairo metro. area); Shubra el Khema, 1,018,000 (part of Cairo metro. area); El Mahalla el Kubra, 462,300
Monetary unit: Egyptian pound
National name: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah

Current government officials
Languages:Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes
Ethnicity/race:Egyptian 98%, Berber, Nubian, Bedouin, and Beja 1%, Greek, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1%
Religions:Islam (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, Christian 1%, other 6%
Literacy rate: 71.4% (2005 est.)

National Holiday: Revolution Day, July 23

Economic summary: GDP/PPP $404 billion (2007 est.); per capita $5,500. Real growth rate: 7.1%. Inflation: 11%. Unemployment: 9.1%. Arable land: 3%. Agriculture: cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats. Labor force: 22.5 million (2007); agriculture 32%, industry 17%, services 51% (2001 est.). Industries: textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc. Exports: $27.42 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.): crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals. Imports: $40.48 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.): machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels. Major trading partners: Italy, U.S., Syria, Germany, Spain, France, China, UK, Saudi Arabia (2004).